Lupine Publishers-Pharmacology & Clinical Research
Beyond The Local Anesthesia by Jonny Burga Sánchez
One of the most important events in dentistry history was the discovery of local anesthetics in 1859 by Albert Niemann (1834 – 1861). In fact, this event represents the beginning of a new era in dentistry. Despite the adverse and lethal effects of cocaine, the first local anesthetic used in dentistry, this finding permitted the develop of other local anesthetics with less adverse effects and better safety index such as procaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, bupivacaine, prilocaine and more recently ropivacaine and articaine. Local anesthetics constitute a group of elementary drugs in the professional arsenal of dentistry and are the most used drugs in this area. They act by preventing the conduction of the nociceptive electrical impulses in a reversible way, generating a loss of sensitivity to pain. Local anesthetics internally block Na+voltage gated channels on neuronal fibers, thus decreasing nerve conduction. Na+ voltage gated channels are complex structures formed by two β subunits (β1 and β2) and a large α subunit in whose central part is located the entry pore for this ion.
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